upstream said:
ok... back to the gearbox thing...
Around 20 years ago people used to say that auto's use a lot more fuel. I can understand how many years ago, auto boxes were a lot more primitive than they are now and often had only three gears. Nowadays (and I'm no mechanic) I can't see how that could be true. My understanding is that modern auto boxes receive a huge amount of real time data from sensors measuring such things as engine speed, load, driving style, temperature, vacuum etc etc and that this data is used to ensure that gear changes occur at the optimal time. If this is the case then surely a computer controlled auto would be able to achieve better fuel consumption from a car than even the most experienced driver who would be changing gears intuitively, rather than using actual data.
Perhaps someone who knows about this sort of thing could explain.
Thanks in advance.
Automatic gearboxes lose some efficiency owing to the use of a torque converter, which takes the place of a clutch in a manual box. A clutch provides a solid drive once engaged, and is effectively 100% efficient. However, a torque converter drives the car via the gearbox oil, and so slips all the time. The idea is that when pulling away from a standstill, the engine can run at higher speed, hence delivering maximum torque, which is delivered via the torque converter at low, or zero RPM. A dry clutch does much the same thing, but gets very hot, and will burn out if overheated. (This is why automatic gearboxes get hot, and need their own radiator/oil cooler. Hence, the wasted energy is dissipated as heat through the gearbox oil.)
Most torque converter slip (and hence inefficiency) occurs at low engine speed, but as engine speed increases, the converter effectively 'locks up', so efficiency is improved. However, most recent automatic gearboxes (for the past ten years or so) have locked up the torque converter automatically, by means of a wet clutch, above certain engine speeds, so the drive is just as solid as the dry clutch in a manual box.
In terms of efficiency, I would say a modern automatic box, like the six speeder used in the S-Type is only fractionally less efficient than a manual box. (They do have to pump oil all of the time, and have a lot of large rotating parts, which must reduce efficiency somewhat.) However, they do usually change gear at the right engine speed, and don't make the engine labour, so for most drivers, I would say an automatic box probably delivers better fuel efficiency and engine life. There is also no clutch to burn out!
As for the driving experience, I drive both manual and automatic at the moment, but prefer the automatic. My only reservation is the matter of being in the right gear for a quick overtake, but that is easily overcome with the J shift. Furthermore, for most people, gear changing is probably quicker and more decisive than a manual, so overtakes should be quicker and hence safer.
NN